HOME TOURS AROUND THE WORLD. 



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The following travel-studies are based upon John L. Stoddard's 
Lectures, and are adapted to the use of all readers of his works, individ- 
ually or in clubs, as a substitute fo* - travel, a preparation for travel, or a 
reminiscence of travel. According to the plan adopted in these outlines, 
the tourist starts in the "land where the day begins," and journeys toward 
the setting: sun. 



(2) 



PREFACE. 

"A frog in the well knows not the wide ocean." — Oriental Proverb. 

The supreme benefit of travel lies in the priceless recollections which 
we bring back from our wanderings. Travel enables us to make the 
conquest of the world, appreciative observation garners up its harvest, 
and memory furnishes the feast. A tourist may return from travel 
penniless, yet be a mental millionaire ; while some illiterate Croesus, who 
has never visited the shrines of Nature, Art, and History, is, in the realm 
of memory, a bankrupt. 

The benefits of travel, — who can doubt them ? What is the whole 
world but an open book whose author is Almighty God, and on the 
pages of which have been written, more or less distinctly, stories of the 
various races of humanity ? Whatever be their language, nationality, or 
faith, all students of the Past are heirs together in the heritage of History; 
and under the broad dome of heaven, the homes of noble minds and the 
scenes of heroic deeds become our universal sanctuaries. 

JOHN L. STODDARD. 



(3) 



Subjects for Observation and Study, m route. 



I. FAMOUS SCENERY. 

II. INTERESTING TREES, FLOWERS, AND ANIMALS. 

III. ARCHITECTURE (Oriental). 

IV. ARCHITECTURE (Occidental). 

V. ART. 

VI HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS (Oriental). 

VII. HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS (Occidental). 

VIII. LITERARY REMINISCENCES. 

IX. RELIGIONS. 

X. CUSTOMS AND CHARACTERISTICS. 



(4) 



Famous Scenery. 



i. 

What sacred mountain does Stoddard describe as " A silver-crested 
pyramid, over twelve thousand feet in height, rising in one majestic sweep 
from sea to sky, changing its color constantly from dawn to dusk, like some 
officiating priest assuming consecrated robes of purple, orange, violet 
green, and gold? " iii. ]39, 140, 197. 

Nikko. Describe the sacred road leading to this famous place, iii. 
90-93. 

Read carefully the following pages on Nikko, and study the numerous 
engravings, iii. 96-111. 

II. 

Note characteristic scenery along the approach to Miyanoshita. iii. 
117-124. 

What three attractions make Miyanoshita a popular tourist resort? 
iii. 130-133. 

Compare with Miyanoshita its rival resort, Hakone Lake. iii. 147-149. 

Read description of Ikao, " the Heart of Old Japan." iii. 217-224. 

Also of the far-famed Inland Sea. iii. 229, 230. 

III. 

Where is " Adams Peak " and why so named ? vi. 20. 

What is the real meaning of " Himalayas ? " vi. 103. 

Compare the altitude of the "Roof of the World" with that of the 
Pyrenees and the Alps. iv. 7. 

What does Stoddard say about the part played by rivers in the develop- 
ment of History? vii. 7. 

For what is the Ganges noted ? iv. 72, 73. 

What relation has the Nile to the history of the country which Stoddard 
calls "A palm-girt path of civilization walled in by two deserts?" ii. 228. 

Read description of the Nile. ii. 2S1-287. 

IV. 
Contrast the unimposing appearance of the Jordan River with its histori- 
cal and religious importance, ii. 191, 192. 



6 

What peculiarities are noticeable in the appearance of the Dead Sea, 
and in the character of its waters? ii. 193-195. 

Where is the cave of Machpelah situated? How great is its antiquity? 
What is its historic interest? In whose possession does the cave remain at 
the present time ? ii. 207-212. 

" Fringed with fair palaces from sea to sea, it glistens in the sunlight 
like a bridge of lapis-lazuli, uniting the Orient and Occident." To what 
body of water does Stoddard apply this description? ii. 11. 

V. 

What island does Stoddard describe as follows? "On the dark back- 
ground of antiquity, these clustered islands sparkle like the Pleiades upon 
the dome of night." ii. 10. " From each has sprung a temple, a statue, a 
poem, or at least a myth, which still exist to furnish joy and inspiration to 
the world." i. 235. 

Read description of the seas which caress these islands, ii. 9, 10 ; i. 
235, 236. 

What rock does Stoddard call "an illustrated volume of Greek history 
bound in stone ? i. 240. 

VI. 

Recall with Stoddard a few of the memories suggested by the "yellow 
legion-laden'' Tiber, viii. 232-234. 

See engraving of " Father Tiber." viii. 227. 

What is the name of the only island in that river? viii. 233. 

Where is the Tarpeian Rock and for what purpose was it often used ? 
viii. 290. How many centuries of historical associations cling about the 
Tiber? viii. 228. 

VII. 

The Bay of Naples. Why so celebrated ? viii. 115-119. 

What volcano rises above this Bay ? viii. 204. 

Altitude and appearance of this volcano today ? viii. 116. 

Read description of the great erruption that destroyed two cities, and 
name the cities destroyed, viii. 183-189. 

Describe the wonderful Blue Grotto of Capri : size of entrance ; color 
of walls, roof, and water; the silence, etc. viii. 218-222. 

Compare with this the Sacred Cavern of Enoshima, Japan, iii. 346, 
347. 

VIII. 
To what city is the Adriatic romantically wedded ? i. 283. 
What is the peculiarity of the streets of this city? i. 283. 
How do the Venetians regard the sea? i. 288. 

Describe the Grand Canal and the effects of light and shade upon it. 
i. 289. 

Recall the delights of floating in a gondola, i. 331, 332. 
Read Stoddard's description of a Venetian sunset, i. 332-334. 



IX. 

What mountain is " Queen of the Alpine heights?" i. 125. 

Which one is called the " Fiend of the Alps," and why so named ? i. 
222. 

Read the following pages on the glacier of Grindelwald: i. 13S-144. 

Also read i. 182, 187, on perils of mountaineering in the Alps. Read 
description of the longest river in Europe, and recall some of its interesting 
historical associations, vi. 221, 223. 

X. 

What country has been compared to a giant sleeping under a shroud of 
snow? vi. 227. 

Describe the locality upon which St. Petersburg was founded. Why 
did Peter the Great select such a place? vi. 230. 

Beside what noble river is the city built ? vi. 234. 

How many miles of granite quays were necessary to prevent this river 
from overflowing the city? vi. 23-1, 235. 

Describe the Neva in summer, vi. 235. 

Describe it in winter, vi. 236. 

XI. 

" When God divided the waters from dry land, He is said to have for- 
gotten Sweden.'* Why this saying? Sup. i. 283. 

What mode of travel through Sweden does Stoddard recommend as the 
best means of seeing the country? Sup. i. 285-294. 

Name four remarkable characteristics of Norway, in regard to (a) 
climate, (b) coast channels for navigation, (c) accessibility of interior through 
mountain walls, and (d) length of the day. i. 11, 12. 

Why do travelers in that country become so irregular in their habits of 
eating and sleeping ? i. 36-38, 90,91. 

What does Stoddard tell us of the number of waterfalls in Norway ? i. 
40. What is a fjord ? Read fine descriptions of these curious coast form- 
ations, i. 39-58. 

On what American coast are similar fjords found? Sup. ii. 1S5, 230- 
233. 

XII. 

Describe the form of Denmark, " the most oddly shaped country in the 
world." Sup. i. 217. 

If a subsidence of ninety feet should occur, what would become of most 
of Denmark's islands? Sup. i. 218. 

What is the proportion of the coast line to the size of Denmark? Sup. 
i. 218. 

What is the character of the sea between the Continent and Copenha- 
gen? Sup. i. 221-225. 

Read descriptions of the seasons in Denmark. Sup. i. 270-272. 

Also of twilight on the Oeresund. Sup. 268, i. 273, 274. 

XIII. 

How does Stoddard describe the flatness of Holland? vii. 175-176. 

What one peculiar charm of scenery does Holland possess? vii. 
176-177. 



Mention the two most characteristic features of Holland, vii. 177-179. 

By what ingenious method have the Dutch compelled the ocean to aid 
them in repelling human foes? vii. 181, 182. 

Describe Holland in winter, vii. 182, 183. 

Read following pages on the Hollanders' struggles against the sea. 
vii. 217-224. 

XIV. 

The Rhine. " On its silver thread for seven-hundred miles are strung 
the pearls of love, adventure, romance, tragedy, and comedy." vii. 8. 

Locate this important river, and name some of the races that have 
battled for its dominion, vii. 9. 

How can the traveler best judge of the power and beauty of the Rhine ? 
vii. 9, 10. 

Through what lake does this river flow ? vii. 13. 

Trace the course of the Rhine, and note most interesting points in its 
development, vii. 12, 17, 18, 19, 53, 57. 

Where are the cliffs of the Lorelei, and what is the legend of the place? 
vii. 72, 73. 

What interest is attached to the confluence of the Rhine and Mosel? 
vii. 75, 76. 

Note the view of the Rhine from the Drachenfels. vii. 93, 94. 

Note also the majestic sweep of the river from Cologne to the sea. 
viii. Ill, 112. 

XV. 

Describe the scenery as viewed from Pau. v. 172-174. 

Why are the Pyrenees slighted by most European tourists? v. 182, 183. 

Read Stoddard's description of the Pyrenees mountains, v. 185, 287. 

Describe Maladetta, " the Accursed Mountain," as Stoddard saw it for 
the last time at sunset, v. 218, 219. 

Read description of the Riviera, " the finest coast drive in the world." 
v. 225, 232. 

What does Stoddard say of the scenery of Spain? v. 254, 255. 

XVI. 

State some facts about the attractiveness of scenery in the Emerald 
Isle, which the majority of tourists have overlooked. Sup. i. 8-13. 

Contrast the Bay of Dublin with that of Naples. Sup. i. 35-37. 

Read Stoddard's description of beautiful Bantry Bay. Sup. i. 197-200. 

What is the general character of the western coast of Ireland? Sup. i 
200-205. 

Describe carefully the Giant's Causeway, on the north rim of the 
island. Sup. i. 206-208. 

XVII. 

Note the universal verdure of England. Also the finished and well-kept 
character of the country, ix. 141-146. 

Recall the beauty of Warwick Castle, and other historic estates of Eng 
land. ix. 152-154, 160-163. 



9 

Also the peaceful loveliness of scenes about Anne Hathaway's cottage, 
Stratford-on-Avon, the grounds of Oxford, Cambridge, etc. ix. 16S, 172- 
173, 177, 178, 190-193, 196. 

XVIII. 

What vine typifies the romance of Scotland ? ix. 7. Read the de- 
scription of scenery in the region of the Scottish Lakes: Loch Katrine, 
Ellen's Isle, the Mountains of Glencoe. ix. 37^42; 46-48. 

Describe the sublime cliffs at Staffa. ix. 107, 108. 

Also that grand wonder of the world, " Fingal's Cave." ix. 108-111. 

XIX. 

Give an estimate of the vast extent of Canada. Sup. iii. 7, 8. 

In what respects is the St. Lawrence unique among the liquid highways 
of the world? Sup. ii. 9, 10. 

What promontory has played a prominent part in Canadian history ? 
Sup. ii. 14-16; 18-23. 

Into what lake do forty rivers pour, and by what one remarkable river 
alone is this great volume of water discharged ? Sup. ii. 57-60. See also 
Page 47. 

Read description of the Falls of Niagara. Sup. ii. 131-143. 

Describe the St, Lawrence, as seen while shooting the Rapids. Sup. 
ii. 116-119. 

XX. 

What is the general character of the country west of the Great Lakes ? 
Sup. ii. 157, 15S, 161-168. 

Read and reflect upon the stupendous mountain scenery of our western 
coast: views from Banff; Mount Massive, Mount Temple, Paradise 
Valley, the Ulecillewaet Glacier, and Mt. Sir Donald. Sup. ii. 181-225. 

With what other natural wonders of the world does Stoddard rank the 
National Park of the United States ? x. 208. 

Where are the lofty mountains, Popocatapetl and Iztaccihuatl, and what 
are the Indian traditions about them ? vii. 30S-312, 335. 

Why do the marvelous natural attractions of America appeal to the 
traveler less than a thousand scenes of comparatively natural insignificance 
in the Old World ? ix. 115; vii. 115-118. 



10 



Interesting Trees, Flowers, and Animals. 

i. 

Enumerate the various uses to which the bamboo is put in Japan, iii. 
141, 213, 214. 

Describe the cryptomerias of that country, iii. 90-94, 108. 

Note the curious dwarf trees found in Japanese gardens, iii. 79-80. 

II. 

Where do cherry trees bloom with such wonderful beauty and profusion 
that their season is celebrated by national festivals? iii. 73-75. 

What are some of the special floral attractions in that " Land of 
Flowers?" iii. 75, 76, 81, 92. 

Note that the esthetic Japanese include "maple-viewing" and "snow- 
viewing" among the "flower-festivals" of the year. iii. 75, 85, 123, 124. 

III. 

To what size does the bamboo grow in India? iv. 43. 

Note rapidity of the growth of the bamboo, iv. 44. 

Compare the usefulness of the Indian palm with that of the bamboo in 
Japan, iv. 18. 

IV. 

What peculiarity has the talipat-palm ? iv. 40. 

What and where is the tree long supposed to be the largest in the world? 
Describe it. iv. 138-140. 

What park probably contains more rare and beautiful trees than any 
.other in the world ? iv. 39, 40. 

V. 

What is the characteristic tree of Egypt? ii. 228. 

'On what English estate may genuine descendants of the famous cedars 
of Lebanon be seen to-day ? By whom were the seeds brought from Pales- 
tine? ix. 153, 154. 

VI. 

In connection with what places are groves of Cyprus trees found in 
Constantinople? ii. 66, 67. 

What city in Italy is called the " City of Flowers ? " viii. 82. 



11 

Enumerate the kinds of flowers that carpet the environing hills in 
spring, viii. 82. 

Read also in this connection, viii. 83, 84. 

VII. 

Where is the " Tree of Petitions," and why so called? vi. 86. 

Describe the floral displays of the Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, vi. 
249. 

What does Stoddard say of the profusion of bloom in Denmark during 
the early days of June? Sup. i. 225. 

VIII. 

In what city is it said that there can be found a tree, a flower, and a 
bird for every inhabitant? vii. 20S. 

Where is the Black Forest? What are its extent and general character- 
istics? vii. 39-41. 

IX. 
What flower is the national emblem of France ? v. 15S. 
Age and importance of the palms on the Riviera? v. 227. 
Who introduced the palm tree into Spain? Why is this tree, the symbol 
of the East, so highly prized ? v. 332. 

X. 

Describe the cactus trees of our Western desert, x. 9. 
Read of the flowers of Southern California, x. 21, 46, 57. 
Describe the curious maguay plant of Mexico, from which " pulque " is 
made. vii. 262-267. 

Where is the " Tree of Montezuma," and for what noted ? vii. 305, 307. 

XI. 
What is the fate of cats and dogs in China? iii. 290, 291. 
Why is the hog a fortunate animal in that country ? iii. 292. 

XII. 
According to official reports how many people have died within one 
year in India from snake bites ? How many have been killed by tigers ? 
iv. 21. 

XIII. 
How are animals regarded in India? iv. 63. What animals are used 
in that country instead of omnibuses ? iv. 63. 
Describe a ride on one of them. iv. 63-65. 

XIV. 

Why are the cows of India the most fortunate animals in the world? 
How are they treated ? iv. 85, 86. 

What device did the English adopt for getting rid of some of these 
diseased animals ? iv. 86. 



12 

XV. 
In what respect does the treatment of monkeys in India and in China 
differ? iv. 89. 

Read description of Stoddard's visit to a Monkey Temple, iv. S9. 

XVI. 
What is the typical animal of Egypt?' How many are said to be found 
in Cairo alone ? ii. 245. 

What animals are called the " ships of the desert? " ii. 3, 27. 

XVII. 
In what city are dogs the principal scavengers, — " the canine brooms of 
the streets?" Give some of the characteristics of these curs. ii. 44, 45. 
Contrast with these a dog's life in Holland, vii. 194, 195. 
What two great Prussians were extremely fond of dogs ? 
Read incident in regard to the dogs of Frederick the Great, vi. 91, 92. 

XVIII. 

How are pigeons treated in Venice and why? i. 327, 328. 
How are they regarded in Moscow ? vi. 327. 

Where were white swans replaced by black ones upon the death of a 
little girl who had loved them, and who was the little girl ? vi. 290. 

XIX. 
Describe the horses of Russia, vi. 244. 
The ponies of Norway, i. 26-29. 

Relate Stoddard's humorous adventure in connection with his first ride 
behind one of these ponies, i. 73-76. 

XX. 

What is the number of elk now found in Yellowstone Park? x. 21S. 
About how many buffaloes are left of all the millions that once thun- 
dered over the western plains ? Cause of their decrease ? x. 217-221. 



13 



Architecture. — (Oriental.) 
i. 

" Architecture is frozen music." Who was the author of this saying ? 
iv. 218. 

What is one of the most common architectural features of Japan ? iii. 
68. 

Describe it carefully: material, form, use, antiquity, and theories as to 
origin, iii. 6S, 69. 

II. 

Nikko. " Words impotently creep befor.e the grand impressiveness of 
Nikko, as insects crawl beneath its cryptomerias." iii. 95. 

Note characteristics of this region that make it justly renowned : its 
natural scenery, sacred traditions, architecture. 

III. 

Describe the sacred bridge across the Nikko River, iii. 93. 

Recall the incident associated with General Grant and this bridge, iii. 
93. 

What is the general character of the unique structures of Nikko: its 
belfries, fountains, temples, pagodas, bells ? iii. 94, 95. 

IV. 

Note peculiar curves of temple roofs, iii. 101. 

What purpose do the colossal statues at the gateways serve? See il- 
lustrations of a temple entrance and interior, iii. 192, 194. 

Describe the tomb of Ieyasu. Note its simplicity, and the significance 
of its location, iii. 107-108. 

V. 

Read description of the new Hongwanji Temple at Kioto, iii. 196-200. 

What kind of ropes were used in the construction of this temple? Sig- 
nificance of this fact? iii. 199, 200. 



14 
VI. 
Study illustration of a characteristic Chinese Temple, iii. 228. 
Also of the temple of Confucius, iii. 279. 
Pagodas of China, iii. 268, 289, 295, 296, 322. 

What is the special characteristic of British architecture in the city of 
Victoria, and what is the reason for this peculiarity ? iii. 332-336. 

VII. 
Contrast the Gothic Cathedral of the Catholics at Canton with the sur- 
rounding native architecture, iii 296-298. 

How do the Chinese regard this structure ? iii 297. 

Describe the " Temple of Five-Hundred Gods " in Canton, iii. 298, 
299. 

The Great Wall of China: its height, breadth, and length ; manner of 
construction; quantity of material used ; antiquity, iii. 332-334. 

VIII. 
About how many rock-hewn shrines are found in India ? iv. 58. 
Describe the one at Elephanta: extent of its main hall, number of col- 
umns, height of statues, origin, and antiquity, iv. 61. 

For what peculiar characteristic is the "Hall of the Winds" noted? 
iv. 65, 66. 

What building material is used : n much of the Indian architecture ? 
iv. 67. 

IX. 

What relation do the Parsees bear to education, art, and architecture in 
Bombay? iv. 48. 

To what style of architecture do the most celebrated structures in India 
belong, and what two princes were India's most famous builders? iv. 147, 
151, 152. 

Contrast the character of Akbar's and Shah Jehan's architecture. iv. 
151, 152. 

X. 

Upon what palace wall was traced in mosaic the Persian verse, " If 
there be a Paradise on earth, it is here ? " iv. 158. 

Describe the Kutub Minar : color of the minaret ; material used ; pe- 
culiar structure ; beautiful ornamentation ; height; and significance. iv. 
160-164. 

Where is the oldest Moslem tomb known to exist in India? iv. 164, 165. 

XL 

Name the three Mogul structures of Agra which surpass even those of 
Delhi, iv. 199. 

Read description of the fortress at Agra. iv. 205, 206. 

Also of the Mogul Palace, iv. 209, 210. 

By whom and in whose memory was the Taj Mahal, "the most beauti- 
ful building in the world," erected ? iv. 212-216. 

Re-read the romance and the tragedy of its builder, iv. 210-216. 



15 
XII. 

How large. a garden surrounds the Taj ? iv. 216. 

Note size and beauty of the gate-way. iv. 217. 

Note also how thoroughly the Mogul architects understood the value of 
perspective, and increased the solemnity and dignity of a noble structure by 
a gradual approach on marble pavements, framed in verdure. iv. 200, 
201; 217. 

How does the Taj Mahal impress the beholder? iv. 218, 219. 

Read Stoddard's beautiful paragraph on the echo in the dome of this 
wonderful tomb. iv. 224, 225. 

XIII. 

How old are Cleopatra's Needles ? ii. 231. 

Where do the obelisks now stand? ii. 232. 

In what other countries may Egyptian obelisks be found ? ii. 35,36, 
232. 

By whom was the citadel of Cairo built, and consequently what style of 
architecture does it represent? ii. 252. 

Where was the material obtained? ii. 252. 

XIV. 

What is one of the most pleasing features of Mohammedan mosques ? 
ii. 60, 250. 

Special purpose of these minarets? ii. 60, 61. 

Note the number of mosques in Cairo and some of the curious super- 
stitions connected with them. ii. 259, 260. 

XV. 

Of what ancient temple is the obelisk of Heliopolis now the only relic ? 
Recall some of the associations of that temple, ii. 263, 267. 

By whom was the famous Cemetery of the Sacred Bulls of Egypt dis- 
covered? Value of the relics found? ii. 274-279. 

Read description of the Vocal Memnon, the Temple of Karnak, the 
Pyramids, and the Sphynx. ii. 298-333. 

XVI. 

What does Stoddard say of the number of ruins in Palestine? ii. 121. 

Contrast the Jerusalem of the past with the Jerusalem of the present, 
ii. 122-124. 

Describe the general architectural appearance of Jerusalem, ii. 126. 
127. 

For what is the Damascus Gate noted? ii. 127, 128. 

XVII. 

In what respect does the Mosque of Omar differ from most mosques? 
ii. 145, 146. 

What is the inscription on its walls? ii. 146. 

Recall the Hebrew and Mohammedan traditions associated with the 
large unhewn rock in this mosque, ii. 148, 152. 



16 

How much of the ruins of Solomon's temple may be seen to-day? ii. 
212. 

Where is the oldest existing Christian monument in the world ? ii. 
201, 202. 

XVIII. 

What is the oldest portion of Constantinople, the birthplace of Byzan- 
tine architecture ? ii. 23, 24. 

For what purpose were the " Cavern of a Thousand Pillars " and the 
" Underground Palace " originally constructed, and what do they suggest as 
to the magnificence of Constantine's capital ? ii. 40, 44. 

XIX. 

Upon the completion of what church did Justinian exclaim, " O, Solo-- 
mon, I have surpassed thee? " ii. 53. 

How does the dome of this structure compare with the most famous 
domes of the world ? ii. 54. 

When, and under what circumstances, did this Christian church become 
a Mohammedan mosque? ii. 56-59. 

XX. 

What style of architecture does the church of Santa Sophia represent? 
ii. 60. 

How many mosques, modeled somewhat after Santa Sophia, may be 
found in Constantinople ? ii. 60. 

Describe a minaret, ii. 60. 



17 



Architecture. — (Occidental.) 

i. 

" Helenic Architecture lives in every reproduction of Doric or Corinth- 
ian capital." i. 232. 

Read fine paragraph on the architectural ruins of Athens, i. 238. 

The Acropolis, "A casket of the rarest architectural jewels in the 
world." i. 236. 

What is the antiquity of the Acropolis ? i. 237. 

When and by what event was the Parthenon ruined? i. 243. 

What facts illustrate the perfection of masonry in that structure? i. 
244, 245. 

II. 

Describe this masterpiece of architecture : its color ; perfection of 
symmetry; delicacy of curves on the columns; number of statues originally 
standing on the pediments, etc. i. 243-245. 

Temple of Wingless Victory; Significance of the name? i. 246. 

How is Dr. Schliemann's name associated with Greek antiquities ? i. 
267, 268. 

III. 

What bridge may be seen to-day that spanned the Tiber in the time of 
Julius Caesar? viii. 237. 

Describe the Colosseum and recall its associations. viii. 265-275. 

Give two illustrations of the strength and durability of Roman archi- 
tecture, viii. 237, 238. 

Significance of the title, " Pontifex Maximus? " viii. 237. 

Read pages on the structure and importance of Roman baths. viii. 
305, 308. 

IV. 

In what respect was Michaelangelo's plan for St. Peter's changed after 
his death? viii. 313. 

Account for the presence of an Egyptian obelisk in the Piazza of St. 
Peter's. viii. 314,314. 

Describe the dome of this cathedral, viii. 322, 323. 

Read whole description of St. Peter's. viii. 312-326. 



IS 
V. 
How do the ruins of Pompeii differ from those of all other cities ? 
■viii. 167, 168. 

What became of the upper portions of the Pompeian buildings ? viii. 
169. 

Give a general description of a Pompeian dwelling, viii. 169, 170. 
Describe the interesting contents of these excavated houses. viii. 
170-172. 

Why is Pompeii more fascinating to the tourist than, perhaps, any 
other ruins of antiquity? viii. 176-178. 

VI. 

Read Stoddard's fine description of the Ducal Palace of Venice, i. 
302, 313. 

Recall some historical associations with the Bridge of Sighs, i. 315, 
316. 

" The Doge's palace was the brain of Venice; the Grand Piazza was 
the heart; and this cathedral was its soul.'' — What cathedral? i. 319, 320. 

In what respect does this cathedral differ from all others ? 

What styles of architecture are blended in its composition ? i. 316,319. 

Read further description, i. 320-326. 

VII. 

Describe the Campanile. Who was the author of this most beautiful 
structure? Sketch his career, viii. 61, 62-63. 

What two other buildings form with the Campanile " an architectural 
trio worthy of the Golden Age of Florence ?'" viii. 65. 

VIII. 

Describe the Castle of Chillon, and recall some of its historical associa- 
tions, i. 215-218. 

On the site of what old walls has the famous promenade of Vienna, the 
Ringstrasse, been constructed, and how recently were those old walls torn 
down? vi. 120-122. 

What can be said, in general, of the architecture on this street? Name a 
few of the most notable buildings, vi. 122, 129. 

IX. 

What wise provision is made in Vienna to insure the aesthetic appear- 
ance of this city ? vi. 131. 

Which one only of our American cities has a similar regulation? vi. 32. 

What statue on the Ringstrasse presents a " sculptured epitome of 
Austrian history " during the period of its subject? vi. 143. 

Recall incidents suggested by this statue, vi. 146-151. 

X. 
What cathedral in St. Petersburg best illustrates the magnificence of 
Russian architecture ? vi. 237. 

Describe the remarkable columns of its portico, vi. 238. 



19 

How long was the cathedral in building? vi. 238. 

What characteristic of Peter the Great does this fact illustrate ? How 
do the ten columns before the altar-screen compare in value with the most 
expensive columns of the world ? Give other illustrations of the marvelous 
display of wealth in this cathedral, vi. 241, 242. 

XI. 

What is the peculiarity of the church architecture in Moscow? vi. 
306-309. 

Describe the most magnificent church in Moscow, vi. 309-311. 

Recall the special features of the curious architecture in St. Basil's 
church, vi. 320, 321. 

XII. 
What is the Kremlin? vi. 316. 

Name the principal buildings enclosed within its walls, vi. 317. 
Read description of the Palace of the Kremlin, vi. 328-336. 
Was the Kremlin burned at the time of Napoleon's invasion? vi. 317. 

XIII. 

Name and describe an extremely interesting Scandinavian church, i. 
103, 104. 

Of what is the Dragon Tower of the Exchange at Copenhagen the 
symbol? Sup. i. 226. 

Describe the most interesting building in Brussels, the Hotel de Ville. 
vii. 125, 126. 

What is the association between the " House of the King" in Brussels, 
and the old guilds? vii. 128. 

XIV. 

The Palace of Justice. What does this fine building suggest as to the 
character of the Belgians ? vii. 137, 138. 

What was the effect of the work of iconoclasts upon the architecture 
of the Netherlands? vii. 156, 157. 

Describe the bell-tower in the cathedral of Antwerp, vii. 169, 170. 

XV. 
• Read description of Heidelberg Castle, vii. 45-51. 
What is the legend of the Ehrenfels ? vii. 62. 

How long was the Cologne cathedral in process of erection ? Origin of 
name? vii. 107. 

Height of its towers, and style of architecture? vii. 108. 
Read description and history of this structure, vii. 108-111. 
Is the architect of this magnificent cathedral known? What is the tra- 
dition about him ? vii. 109-111. 

XVI. 
How does Pars rank in beauty with other cities of the world? v. 8. 
What square, in Stoddard's opinion, is the most magnificent in the 
world? Read description, v. 9-14. 



20 

After what celebrated masterpiece of architecture is the Church of 
the Madeline modeled? v. 14-15. 

When and by whom was the palace of the Tuilleries destroyed ? v. 19. 

The Vendome Column, " one of the most imposing monuments of 
Europe." What victory does it commemorate ? Describe the Column, v 
42-15. 

XVII. 

Contrast the general appearance of a Parisian street with that of a 
typical one in our American cities, v. 50, 51. 

Read carefully the secret of the architectural symmetry and beauty of 
Paris, v. 52. 

Describe the Grand Opera House: its dome; its staircase, v. 51-56. 

Recall historical associations of the church of Notre Dame. v. 68-70. 

" The path of progress is always strewn with discarded fears and falsi- 
fied predictions.'" — How does the Eiffel Tower illustrate this statement ? 
Describe this remarkable structure. v. 71-72. 

XVIII. 

What is the shape of the Spanish Escorial ? v. 275. 

Explain the significance of this description : " a despot's frightful fancy 
petrified." v. 277. 

Note the chilliness of the interior, v. 279-2S0. 

By whom, and in memory of what victory, was the Escorial erected ? 

Associate with this event the name of Count Philip Egmont. vii. 130. 

Read description of the Mosque of Cordova and the Giralda of Seville, 
v. 311, -318 ; 319-321. 

What structure stands out in bold relief as the masterpiece of Spanish 
architecture ? v. 331-365. 

To whom is the the glory of Spanish architecture due ? v. 337, 354. 

XIX. 

What do the ruins of Ireland indicate as to the earlier civilization of 
the Irish nation? Sup. i. 13, 22,23, 125-128, 148-158, 171-181. 

Name the three palaces which the average tourist in Ireland visits, and 
read Stoddard's comments thereon. Sup. i. 125. 

What is the finest specimen of Feudal architecture in England ? ix. 152. 

Read the interesting description of that castle, ix. 152-160. 

•Give general characteristics of architecture in London, ix. 283-284. 

The Tower of London : when and by whom built ; state of preserva- 
tion; character of its associations? ix. 257-271. 

XX. 

What is said of the cathedrals of England ? ix. 141 . 

Read criticism of St. Paul's cathedral, ix. 285-288. 

Study carefully the descriptions and associations of Westminister 
Abbey, ix. 313-336. 

Melrose Abbey. Contrast its past and its present appearance. ix. 
54-59. 



21 

Whose name is associated with the romance and tragedy of Stirling! 
Holyrood, Lochleven, and Edinburg Castles? ix. 74-77, 78, 89. 

What does Stoddard say of the coloring in Mexican architecture ? 
vii. 245. 

What is the association between the Cathedral of the City of Mexico 
and the ancient temple of the Montezumas ? vii. 2S4. 



22 



Art. 



i. 

What city is still the centre of old Japanese art? iii. 186. 

State some facts illustrating the perfection of art in Japan, as to work 
in bronze, lacquer, and cloisonne, iii. 209 to 212. 

Note also skill and peculiarities of Japanese handicraft, iii. 207-208. 

Describe the Bronze Buddha at Kamakura: its height; length of 
face ; circumference of the thumb; size of chapel within the statue ; the ex- 
pression of face. iii. 40-41. Also the bronze lanterns at Nikko. iii. 
70-73. 

II. 

Why are the art treasures in the museum of Jeypore, India, so valuable? 
iv. 67. 

Study carefully, as a masterpiece of art, the details of the marvelous 
audience chamber in the Grand Mogul Palace at Delhi, iv. 153-157. 

Also the famous " Peacock Throne " in the same palace, iv. 157- 
159. 

What became of that throne, and with it millions of dollars' worth of 
the palace gems ? iv. 159. 

III. 

Describe the wonderful ornamentation of Prince Itmad-ud-Daulat's 
mausoleum at Agra. iv. 201. 

Also the ornamentation of the Pearl Mosque, iv. 206. 

Why the absence of images and paintings ? iv. 206-207. 

Study description of the lace work in marble; the alabaster screens; the 
sculptured and jeweled walls; and the cenotaphs of the Taj Mahal. iv. 
221-224. 

IV. 

"The Village Chief." By whom was this statue found? It is probably 
how many centuries old ? Note its material ; the artistic skill represented ; 
and the peculiar construction of its eyes. ii. 275-276. 

Observe the sacred lotus flower on nearly all the columns of ancient 
shrines along the Nile. ii. 291. 



23 

V. 

What historic interest does the " Blackened Column " of Constantinople 
possess? ii. S. 

Upon its summit what famous bronze statue once stood? ii. 39. 

Why was Santa Sophia once called "The Terrestrial Paradise," — "The 
Earthly Throne of the Glory of God?" ii. 55-56. 

VI. 

In what city was it once declared " easier to find a god than a man ? " 
i. 26S. 

Athens : " Birthplace of the earliest masterpieces of the human race, 
mother of imperishable memories, and of an art that conquers time." i. 
279. 

Influence of the Acropolis in art? i. 247-24S. 

Draw an inference from the plundering of the Acropolis as to the num- 
ber of works of art originally found there, i. 245-268. 

How is Lord Elgin's name associated with the Parthenon? Quote 
Byron's lines in this connection, i. 245-247. 

VII. 

Who was the greatest of Greek sculptors? i. 231, 232, 237, 239, 240, 
245, 24S. 

What was the former importance of the Propylsea in representing Greek 
art? i. 238-239. 

Note the scrupulous care taken by Athenian sculptors in perfecting 
all their work. i. 244. 

Sketch the history of the Venus of Melos. Where may this statue now 
be seen? v. 29. 

What is the history of the " Praying Boy ? '' vi. 33. 

VIII. 

What statue by Lysippus now stands in the Vatican? viii. 306- 
307. 

Read Stoddard's general description of the Vatican as a treasure house 
of art. viii. 333-335. 

In what manner are some of the masterpieces of art preserved on the 
walls of St. Peters ? viii. 319. 

What is the number of statues in this cathedral ? viii. 325. 

In what state of preservation are the mural decorations of Pompeii ? 
Account for the fact. viii. 173-174. 

What may be said of the excellence of Pompeian art? viii. 172- 
173. 

IX 

Tell the history of the Bronze Horses of St. Marks, i. 321-322; ii. 35. 

The statue of David. By whom sculptured? How regarded by the 
Florentines ? State an interesting fact about the block of marble from which 
it was carved, viii. 14-18. 

What did Michelangelo say of the perfection of the Loggia? Study 
the engravings of this fine portico, viii 18-19. 



24 
X. 

Stroll along the portico of the Uffizi Palace, and study the statues of 
famous geniuses there. Sketch the history of Leonardo da Vinci and 
Cellini, viii. 22-26. 

What room in the Uffizi contains more masterpieces than any other 
single room in the world ? viii. 28. 

Read description of the Venus de Medici, viii 31-33. 

Contrast the general appearance of Florence with that of other historic 
cities, viii. 40-42. 

XI. 

Read Stoddard's sketch of Michelangelo, " whose intellectual and 
moral nature revealed itself in marble, as Shakespeare's genius showed it- 
self in words." viii. 47-50. 

Describe the statues in the church of San Lorenzo. What impression 
do these statues make upon the observer ? viii. 50-53. 

State principal facts in Giotto's career. What was his relation to Cima- 
bue ? viii. 62-65. 

XII. 

If an artist wishes to copy some of the fine paintings in the Pitti Palace 
how long beforehand must he make application, and why ? viii. 68. 

Give a general description of the interior of this wonderful palace, viii. 
68-72. 

Read Stoddard's eulogy on the art of sculpture, viii. 86-88. 

XIII. 

What are the historical associations of the Chariot of Victory on the 
Brandenburg Gate ? vi 11. 

Note the general character of nearly all the ornamentation of Berlin, 
vi. 17-19. 

Describe the statue of Frederick the Great. Of what famous sculptor 
is it the work? vi. 23-24. 

XIV. 

What is the most attractive feature of the "New Museum" of Berlin? 
vi. 33-35. 

What is the principal art museum of St. Petersburg ? What is said of 
the treasures in this museum? Note the collection of Spanish pictures, 
vi. 259-261. 

XV. 

In what church may Thorwaldsen's greatest masterpieces be found? 
Sup. i. 232. 

Into what classes may his works be divided ? Sup. i. 232. 

Describe his famous Christ-figure. Sup. i. 235-237. 

Note the productiveness of the Danish master as shown by the contents 
of the Thorwaldsen Museum. Sup. i. 237-238. 



25 

XVI. 

How does the extent of Thorwaldsen's fame compare with that of other 
sculptors? Sup. i. 239. 

Describe his beautiful statues " Day" and " Night ;" and note the con- 
trast between them. Sup. i. 239-240. 

Describe also his " Nest of Cupids." Sup. i. 241. 

Where is this great sculptor buried? Sup. i. 242-245. 

XVII. 

What is the most famous museum of France ? v. 24. 

Describe the gallery of Apollo in the Louvre, v. 26-27. . 

What became of the splendid bronze gates presented to St. Denis by 
Charlemagne ? v. 107. 

What present museum of antiquities in France has served in turn as a 
pagan temple, a Christian church, a convent, a tomb, a revolutionary tribu- 
nal, a warehouse, and a stable ? v. 243-244. 

XVIII. 

Importance of the Picture Gallery in Madrid, v. 254, 272-274. 

How did so many of the finest works of Dutch and Flemish artists come 
into this museum ? v. 273. 

Enumerate the surprising number of masterpieces hanging on the walls 
v. 273-275. 

What is Murillo's best known work ? v. 274. 

For how many centuries did the greatest artists of Spain labor on the 
Cathedral of Toledo ? v. 289. 

Describe some of the most striking decorations, v. 290-291. 

Note the beautiful ornamentation on the walls of the Alhambra. v. 
348, 350. 

XIX. 

Observe in the library of Dublin University the evidences of artistic 
skill and intellectual activity that once prevailed in Ireland. Sup. i. 87. 

Describe the " Book of Kells;" " undoubtedly the most beautiful book in the 
world," and examine the engravings with a magnifying glass. Sup i. 87- 
89. 

XX. 

Describe the Cross of Cong. Sup. i. 93-95. 

What Irish king was the Augustus of western Europe? Sup. i. 95-96. 

Describe another rare work of Irish art, probably three centuries older 
than the Cross of Cong. Sup. i. 98-101. 

What is the history of the celebrated Tara brooch ? Sup. i. 137, 138. 

Name other relics of Celtic art in Ireland. Sup. i. 135-140, 181-182. 



26 



Historical Associations. — (Oriental.) 

" The most important dramas of the coming century will probably be 
enacted on the shores of the Pacific. " iii. 115. Sup. ii., 238. Basis for 
this prediction ? iii. 115-117; Sup. ii, 238-240. 

I. 

Previous to 1869 what was the position of the Emperor of Japan ? iii. 30 
Explain how, for centuries before that date, each Japanese Emperor was 

literally " a monarch, yet a captive, a god, and yet a slave." iii. 52. 

What was the peculiar relation between the double line of rulers in Japan 

for seven hundred years before the Revolution of 1869 ? iii. 52-53. 

IL 

What very romantic interest has the date 1872, in Japanese history? 
Describe carefully the remarkable event which then took place, iii. 53, 54. 

How does the dynasty of Japan compare, in respect to age, with other 
dynasties of the earth ? iii. 58. 

III. 

What character has the present Emperor of Japan shown as a ruler ? 
58. 

Contrast the present Japanese nobility with that of the past, iii 59-63. 
What progress has education made in Japan during the past quarter of 
a century ? iii. 63-68. 

The postal system. iii. 128, 129. 

TV. 

How old is the Chinese government ? iii. 227. 

How does Stoddard illustrate the enormous population of China? iii. 
227. 

State facts which entitle China to be called the "birthplace of inven- 
tions." iii. 228. 

V. 

To what nation does Hong Kong belong ? iii. 238. 

Read description of the city of Victoria, iii. 242-251. 

How many soldiers are stationed in the garrison at Hong Kong ? iii. 
238. 



27 

VI. 

How is the tomb in China one of the most important elements in the 
nation's history ? iii. '257, 258. 

State the cause of the Opium War. iii. 265. 

What was the attitude of the Chinese government towards that drug ? 
iii. 265, 266. 

What has been the effect of the use of opium upon the nation? iii. 
266, 267. 

VII. 

Upon what are political and social promotions in China based? iii. 
326, 330. 

Explain the process of competitive examinations, iii. 330, 332. 

What is the name of the great Chinese statesman whom General Grant 
ranked, next to Bismark, as the most remarkable man he, met in his tour 
around the world? iii. 331. 

In what respect does the Great Wall of China typify the national history 
of that country ? iii. 332-335. 

. VIII. 

What effect had the voyage of Vasco de Gama around the southern 
point of Africa, upon the relations between India and Europe ? iv. 9, 10. 

Give an account of the tragedy of the " Black Hole of Calcutta.'' Its 
significance, iv. 129-131. 

IX. 
How did our civil war contribute to the wealth of Bombay ? iv. 47. 
What city, " the Rome of Asia,'' was the home of the great Mogul 
princes ? iv. 146. 

Name the three most noted of these princes, iv. 147. 
Back to what date does their rule extend ? iv. 147. 

X. 

What results did Akbar accomplish for his Indian kingdom? iv. 148. 
Name two of his European contemporaries, iv.148. 
Sketch his personal appearance and character, iv. 148-151. 
Length and character of his reign? iv. 151. 

XI. 

Describe the great Indian Mutiny of 1857: its peculiar immediate 
cause ; the tragic events at Delhi , Lucknow, and Cawnpore. iv. 169-176. 

Result of the mutiny ? Name the English hero of Delhi and of Lucknow. 
Who was Nana? iv. 177-188. 

Note precautions taken by England to avoid another such mutiny. iv. 
188-190. 

XII. 

What was the fate of the last of the Moguls? iv. 159, 160. 

What is the position of the English in India to-day? iv. 190-195. 

Contrast the English and French modes of colonization, iv. 195, 196. 



2S 

XIII. 
Contrast ancient Egypt with the Egypt of to-day. ii. 227-235, 243, 244. 
Relate the story of Mehemet Ali. What is its significance ? ii. 235-238. 
What nation of Europe now holds political supremacy over Egypt? 
ii. 24. 

XIV. 

Who was the founder of Cairo ? ii. 252. 

Who were the Mamelukes, and why did Mehemet massacre them? Date 
of event? ii. 252. 

What discovery made by Napoleon has unlocked the mysteries of 
ancient Egyptian history? ii. 306. 

XV. 
Recall the historical importance of Jaffa in times past. ii. 118. 
What city has sustained more terrible and destructive sieges than any 
other in history ? ii. 131, 132. 

What interesting relic is still suggestive of these sieges? ii. 132. 

XVI. 

Enumerate some of the important historical facts in connection with the 
city of Jericho ; the antiquity of its conquest by the Jews ; Cleopatra's pos- 
session of the city; etc. ii. 191. 

Where is the "Jews' Wailing Place," and how are the scenes there sug- 
gestive of the checkered history of the Tewish race ? ii. 212-218. 

Read Stoddard's fine tribute to the Jews. ii. 218-224. 

XVII. 
Give an account of the founding of the city of Byzantium, ii. 24, 25. 
Under what circumstances was the name changed to Constantinople? 
ii. 25. 

Name some of the great historical events since connected with that city, 
ii. 25, 26. 

XVIII. 

Who was Belisarius ? ii. 37, 38. 

Give date of the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, ii. 36. 
In what temple had the Christian Emperors been crowned for a thou- 
sand years before this event ? ii. 56. 

XIX. 

Describe this capture. Where did the Christian soldiers take refuge? 
By what act did Mohammed II. dedicate the temple to the Moslem faith? 
ii. 56, 59. 

Recall some of the ancient historical scenes on the Bosphorus. ii. 102, 
103. 

XX. 

What nation of the north has long looked with covetous eyes upon the 
Turkish capital? ii. 104. 

What are the indications as to the final outcome of the " Eastern Ques- 
tion?" ii, 104-110. 



20 



Historical Associations. — Occidental. 

i. 

Athens. "The enlightened world could better lose the entire continent 
of Asia from its history than that little area." i. 231. 

What does Stoddard say of the historic importance of Athens still? i. 
232-235. 

Recall some of the never-dying historical associations of the Acropolis, 
i. 237-243. 

How is Byron's name associated with the modern history of Greece? 
i. 264-266. 

II. 

Show the importance of the Vestal Virgins in early Roman history. 
viii. 238-242. 

What reminiscences of Roman conquests does the Egyptian obelisk in 
the Piazza del Popolo suggest? viii. 245-246. 

Name the spot which was "for centuries the brain of the vast Roman 
Empire; the focus of the power and intelligence of the human race; and fre- 
quently the stage on which the most stupendous dramas in Rome's history 
were performed." viii. 247. 

Read the following pages : viii. 24S-264. 

III. 

What famous family of Florence gave eight dukes to Tuscany; two 
queens to France; and four popes to the Vatican? viii. 12. 

What relation does Florence bear to the Renaiassance in Italy ? viii. 2. 

Note the long list of celebrated names associated with this " Tuscan 
Athens " viii. 8, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. 

IV. 

What two cities in Europe mark the extremities of the great Moslem 
crescent of invasion into European territory ? Give names of the brave 
men who drove them back. Dates of events ? vi. 116, 173, 174. 

Draw a comparison between Vienna and Paris, vi. 110. 

Significance of their rivers? vi. 119, 192, 193. 

What is the historical relation between the two cities? vi. 120. 



30 

V. 

Recall the romantic association between Durrenstein Castle and Richard 
the Lion-hearted of England, vi. 218, 221. 

What city is called the " brain and the arm " of Germany ? vi. 9. 

Who was Frederick the Noble, and how long did he reign ? 

Contrast his policy with that of Bismarck and other German rulers, vi. 
97-104. 

VI. 

Who laid the foundation for the great power of Russia ? vi. 230-234. 

What has been the progress of Russia during the past century ? vi. 227. 

How does her diplomacy compare with that of the rest of Europe? 
Importance of her position in the East? What long-coveted object has she 
at last gained from China ? Her attitude toward India and the Bosphorus. 
vi. 228, 229. 

Who was Catherine II.? vi. 259. 

VII. 

What relation does Napoleon's general, Bernadotte, bear to the present 
dynasty of Norway and Sweden? Sup. i. 308-311. 

Note the peculiar independence of Norway and Sweden, though both 
countries are governed by one king. i. 18. 

In which of the countries is the king, crowned ? What are the consti- 
tutional regulations in regard to his residence; to his opening of Parlia- 
ment ; and to his receptions ? i. 18, 19. 

In what way is the influence of the old Hanseatic League still seen in 
Bergen? i. 85. * 

VIII. 

What are the " kitchen middens " of northern Denmark, and to what 
age do they belong ? Sup. i. 219. 

With what country does Denmark carry on most of her trade ? Extent 
of these commercial relations ? Sup. i. 230, 231. 

Note the important connections between the royal family of this little 
kingdom and other countries of Europe. Sup. i. 247. 

Enumerate the alliances between the children of Christian IX. and other 
European houses of royalty. Sup. i. 248. 

IX. 
Who is the great historic character of Holland? vii. 205. 
Against what mighty monarch did he long contend for his country's 
political and religious freedom ? What was his fate ? vii. 205, 207. 

What is the general character of the history of Holland ? vii. 209, 210. 

X. 

Compare the Netherlands of to-day with the leading countries of Europe, 
vii. 119. 

Describe the prosperity of the Netherlands three hundred years ago. 
vii. 163-165. 



31 

How do the scenes in connection with the capture of Antwerp by the 
Spaniards illustrate the character of Spanish dealings with the Netherlands ? 
vii. 165-166. 

XI. 

In what way is the Place Royale, Brussels, associated with Godfrey of 
Bouillon? vii. 134, 135. 

Who is the present king of Belgium ? His character ? Political con- 
dition of his country? vii. 141, 142. 

How might the neutrality of Belgium be affected by a war between 
France and Germany? vii. 147, 148. 

What is the distance between Brussels and Waterloo ? vii. 14S. 

Read Stoddard's reflections on the battle of Waterloo, vii. 14S-153. 

XII. 

Why is Coblentz sometimes called the " Gibraltar of the Rhine ? " 
vii. 76. 

Recall some of the historical associations of that city. vii. 75, 76. 

How is the town of Ems connected with the outbreak of the Franco- 
Prussian War? vii. 84, 85.' 

XIII. 

What' city in Europe is "the cradle of the freshest thought, newest 
fashion, and latest luxury ? " v. 1. 

Of whose garments did Chateaubriand say, " If that gray coat and hat 
were placed upon a stick and planted anywhere upon the coast of France, it 
would cause all Europe to run to arms from one end to the other ? " v. 43. 

What column now marks the site of the Bastile ? v. 61. 

Recall historical associations of that old prison. Date of its fall ? v. 
59, 60. 

XIV. 

What palace in France is richest in memories of the Bourbon rulers? 
v. 76, 77. By what body of men was the famous Oath of the Tennis-court 
taken, and under what circumstances ? v. 87. 

What became of the body of the " Grand Monarch,"* Louis XIV ? v. 
109. 

XV. 

Describe the return of Napoleon's body from St. Helena, v. 123. 

What part has the influence of woman played in French history ? v. 162. 

Give an epitome of the last hundred years of French history, v. 171, 172. 

In what sense was Napoleon III. compared with Napoleon I. in a 
parody upon an epic poem? v. 172. 

Read Stoddard's characterization and sketch of the gallant Henry of 
Navarre, v. 176-182. 

XVI. 
How great was the political power of Spain at the time of the discovery 
of America ? v. 254, 255. 



32 

For how many centuries did the Moors have possession of Spain ? v. 
254. 

Who was the last of the Moorish sovereigns of Granada? Describe 
the character of Philip II., and his personal appearance, as shown in the por- 
trait painted by Titian, v. 250, 281. 

XVII. 

Read Stoddard's description of Ireland's present condition, and his dis- 
cussion of the causes. Sup. i. 10, 15. 

Name one great natural barrier to Ireland's progress. Sup. i. 16-19. 

Note Ireland's importance as a seat of learning, in the sixth and seventh 
centuries. Sup. ii. 153. 

Describe the Queen's visit to Ireland in 1900. Sup. i. 20 ; 117-122. 

How many years had elapsed since a previous visit? See Stoddard's 
comments on this fact. Sup. i. 20. 

Effect of religious intolerance upon Ireland ? Sup. i. 27, 30. 

XVIII. 

For what are the names of Henry Grattan and Daniel O'Connell cele- 
brated in Irish history ? Read sketch of each. Sup. i. 42-53. 

Make out a list of the celebrated Irish men and women who have lived 
in Dublin Sup. i. 71, 72. 

Of what nationality is Lord Kitchener? Sup. i. 108. 

XIX. 

Enumerate the strategic points which England holds around the world, 
ii. 238-242. 

Compare the area of England to-day with that of the empire of the 
Caesars', ix. 116. 

Recall some of the historical associations with the old town of Chester, 
ix. 132-139. 

What does Stoddard say of the greatness of London ? ix. 229. 

How old is London ? ix. 229. 

Read Stoddard's illustration of the size of that city. ix. 230, 231. 

What woman has been called the "Enigma of History?" Read Stod- 
dard's fine sketch of her life and character, ix. viii. 51, 72-97. 

XX. 

What city is the cradle of Canadian civilization? Describe its situ- 
ation. Sup.ii. 14, 16; 18,19. 

When, and by whom, was the first European settlement made on Can- 
adian soil? Sup. ii. 16. 

Recount the efforts made by Frenchmen to establish settlements in 
North America, and discuss the causes of the failure of that dream of 
empire in the Western Hemisphere. Sup. ii. 16-18. 

What battle, one of the most eventful of the New World, took place on 
the Plains of Abraham ? Read account, and remember names of its two 
heroes. Sup. ii. 32-35. 

What are the indications as to the future of Canada? Sup. ii. 240. 

Read the romantic story of Cortez and Montazuma. Who was the last 
of the brave Aztec emperors ? vii. 296, 306. 



33 



Literary Reminiscences, 
i. 

How are literary men regarded in China ? iii. 331, 332. 
Who was Confucius, and how have the Chinese for two thousand years 
looked upon him ? iii. 332. 

II. 

What literature does Stoddard call the " Bible of the Orient," and what 
does Max Muller say of the language in which that literature is written ? 
iv. 9. 

Name an interesting autobiography of an Indian prince, the translation 
of which may now be read in English, iv. 147, 14S. 

III. 

What was the leading literary language of the world at the time of the 
birth of Christ? 'Perfection of that language ? i. 277, 278. 

Who is called the father of poetry ? How are his works still regarded? 

i. 278. 

IV. 

" Out of Plato come all things that are still written and debated among 
men of thought." Author of this saying? i. 278. 

What is the lesson that Athens teaches ? i. 278, 279. 

V. 

What city resting on one hundred islands, and linked by four hundred 
and fifty bridges, is " the only place on earth to-day where poetry conquers 
prose?" i. 283. 

How is Santa Croce the Westminister Abbey of Florence ? What did 
the poet, Alfieri, say about the influence of this church upon himself? 
viii. 77. 

Why has the Cenotaph, erected in Santa Croce for Dante, always re- 
mained tenantless ? viii. 78. 

In what ways is the name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning associated 
with Florence? viii. 81, 82. 



34 
VI. 

Recall the associations between Lake Leman and the following literary- 
geniuses: Byron, Shelley, Madam de Stael, Voltaire, Gibbon, i. 212-218. 
Tell the story of the " Prisoner of Chillon." i. 216-218. 
Where did Byron die? i. 264, 265. 
Where was he buried ? ix. 204, 207. 

VII. 
Who was the Cid ? v. 262. 

What is the oldest of Spanish poetry extant ? v. 262. 
Give a sketch of Cervantes' life and work. v. 270, 271. 

VIII. 
Who was the author of " Irish Melodies. " Sup. i. 146. 
What does the Library in the University of Dublin suggest as to the 
literary character of the Irish? Sup. i. 86. 

Character of the early writing of Ireland ? Sup. i. 89, 90. 

Is the language of these manuscripts now understood ? Sup. i. 91, 92. 

IX. 

Describe the home of Shakespeare, ix. 165, 166, 167. 

Read Stoddard's criticism of Shakespeare's portrait exhibited there, 
ix. 168. 

What reminiscences do the cottage of Anne Hathaway and its environ- 
ment suggest? ix. 168, 172. 

How is Washington Irving's name associated with Stratford on Avon? 
ix. 165, 166. 

Where is Shakespeare buried? Repeat his epitaph, ix. 172-175. 

What memorial was completed at this place in 1880, and what is its sig" 
nificance as to the endurance of Shakespeare's fame ? ix. 175-177. 

X. 
Where is Lord Byron's home situated ? ix. 196. 
From what two bodily afflictions did Byron suffer ? ix. 197. 
Describe his personal appearance, ix. 197, 198. 

What may be said of the poet's character, in the light of the influences 
which surrounded him ? ix. 19S, 199. 

Character of his mother ? ix. 199, 200. 

XI. 
How is Byron represented in the statue by Thorwaldsen ? ix. 203. 
" Many know how to live better than Byron; but few know better how 
to die."' What facts prove these words ? ix. 203. 
Read paragraph on his only child, Ada. ix. 207. 

XII. 
Who of all English writers has made England and its inhabitants most 
familiar to us ? ix. 207. Name his best-known Christmas stories, ix. 208. 



35 

How did many of the readers of these stories express their appreciation 
to Dickens? ix. 208, 209. 

Is there any literature on the identification and preservation of places 
mentioned in Dickens' novels? ix. 210. 

Recall some of his immortal characters, and the places associated with 
their names, ix. 210, 211. 

XIII. 

What is the importance of Rochester in its associations with Dickens' 
works ? ix. 212, 213. 

What lines from Dickens does the proprietor of the famous Bull Hotel 
quote upon his sign ? ix. 213. 

What lines is he careful to omit ? ix. 213, 214. 

How did Dickens get names for his characters ? ix. 295. 

Describe Gad's Hill. ix. 214-217. 

XIV. 
Note Dickens' love for flowers, ix. 217. 
His devotion to his children, ix. 217-219. 
Read account of his last days. ix. 219-223. 
Also Stoddard's tribute to his genius, ix. 223, 224. 

XV. 

Whose name is closely identified with the churchyard of Stoke Pogis ? 
ix. 149, 150. 

How nearly does the place remain unchanged since the poet's time ? 
ix. 150. 

For how many years did the author of the " Elegy in a Country Church 
Yard " labor upon the composition of this gem of English literature ? ix. 
151. 

XVI. 

Recall the numerous literary names associated with the colleges at 
Cambridge, ix. 189. 

Contrast the catalogue of literary stars and their fame with the common- 
place character of London architecture, ix. 242, 291, 292, 334. 

Read Stoddard's eulogy upon the literature of England, ix. 334, 336. 

XVII. 

What does Stoddard say of " hero-worship ? " ix. 20. 

How many people, on an average, annually visit Ayr, to render homage 
to Burns' memory ? ix. 23. 

Recall the adventure of Tarn O' Shanter. Was he wholly a fictitious 
character ? ix. 25, 26. 

Describe Burns' home-surroundings, ix. 26-28. Repeat his lines be- 
ginning, " What though on hamely fair we dine." ix. 31 . 

Who was "Highland Mary ? " ix. 32-35. 

Contrast the poverty of Burns during his lifetime, with the honors 
heaped upon him since his death, ix. 35-37. 



36 

XVIII. 

Describe Sir Walter Scott's monument in Edinburgh : " probably the 
noblest tribute to purely literary genius that the world possesses." ix. 53, 54- 

Which of Scott's poems is associated with Melrose Abbey ? ix. 58, 59. 

Read description of scenery made familiar to us in Scott's writings, ix. 
37-48. 

How was the home of Scott literally " like one of his own romances 
carved in stone ? " ix. 59, 60. 

XIX. 

Relate the oft-repeated story of Scott's financial failure, ix. 60, 61 

Why did he devote his life to the payment of his debts, when there was 
a much easier way of settlement ? ix. 61. 

How old was he at the time of his failure; and what was the amount of 
his indebtedness ? ix. 62. 

Describe his last days. ix. 65-67. 

Read also, ix. 68-71. 

XX. 

Read the historic story of Acadia, the " Land of Evangeline." Sup. ii. 
98-106. 

How is Hawthorne's name associated with the origin of Longfellow's 
" Evangeline?" Sup. ii. 99, 100. 

Describe Grand Pre, and note the names of places still found there. 
Sup. ii. 106. 

What is the value of Longfellow's presentation of this tragedy? Sup. 
ii. 107. 



37 



Religions. 



i. 

What are the two principal religions of Japan? iii. 191. 

Note the vagueness of Shintoism. iii. 192. 

What are its general characteristics ? iii. 192. 

Describe the interior of a Buddhist temple in Japan, iii. 194, 196. 

II. 
What is a matsuri ? iii. 200-202. 
Read of the pilgrimages to Fujiyama, iii. 140-146. 

What is the curious superstition concerning the god Jizo ? iii. 142, 
167, 146, 147. 

What is the central fact of the religions of China? iii. 257, 258. 

III. 
Which two of the most wide spread religions of humanity were cradled 
in India? iv. 9. 

Antiquity of each ? iv. 9, 118. 

Temple of the Sacred Tooth. Extent of its fame ? To what is its 
sanctity due ? iv. 32-35. 

IV. 

Show the contrast between Buddha and the Buddhism of the present, 
as illustrated by the imposture of the Sacred Tooth, iv. 37, 38. 

Name the religions found in India to-day. Which two are predomi- 
nant? iv. 39. 

Why are animals held sacred in India and other Oriental Countries ? 

V. 
The Parsees of India. What was their origin? Why are they called 
" Fire-worshippers ? " iv. 49-51 . 

Why is Benares held so sacred? iv. 68-72. 

Read description of the Ganges and its worshipers, iv. 74-83. 

VI. 
Compare Mohammedanism and Hinduism, as the two religions may be 
observed at the present time. iv. 83, 84. 



38 

What goddess is supposed to be made happy for a thousand years by a 
draught of warm human blood ? iv. 132. 

How is Brahminism responsible for the tyranny of the caste system in 
India, iv. 95-102. 

VII. 

What attracted Pilgrims to the Isle of Isis for centuries before the 
birth of Christ ? ii. 308, 309. 

How did the Egyptians look upon life ? ii. 325. 

Why did they spend so much time and labor on their tombs ? ii. 324, 326. 

VIII. 

What is the tradition concerning the Via Dolorosa of Jerusalem ? ii. 
136, 137. 

What are the religious associations connected with the area on which 
the Mosque of Omar stands? ii. 141-145. 

Relate the tradition concerning St. Helena and the finding of the Cross 
of Christ, ii. 156, 157. 

IX. 

What is meant by the " Miracle of the Holy Fire? " ii. 163-166. 

What can be said as to the authenticity of most of the sacred places 
now pointed out to the traveler in the Holy Land? ii. 178-180. 

Read account and characteristics of pilgrimages to Jaffa and the Sepul- 
cher at Jerusalem, ii. 118, 123, 139, 160, 163, 164, 176, 177, 192. 

X. 

Repeat the words, called out five times daily from all the Moslem 
mosques of Asia, Africa, and Europe ; at which one hundred and eighty mil- 
lions of people turn their thoughts from earthly occupations to worship God 
alone, ii. 60, 61. 

What old religion " still lives in every statue of the gods, in every clas- 
sical allusion, in every myth which poets weave into the garlands of their 
song ? ' : i. 232. 

The Oracle of Delphi. Its past importance ? i. 245 ; ii. 235. 

XI. 

Picture of the scene at the Acropolis when St. Paul addressed the Athen- 
ians, i. 261. 

How did the unification of the world under the Caesars favor the pro- 
pagation of Christianity ? viii. 251. 

Describe the martyrdom of many of the early Christians in the Roman 
ampitheatres. viii. 271, 272. 

How, through the influence of Christianity, did the gladiatorial combats 
come to an end ? viii. 272. 

XII. 
How did Constantine, by acknowledging the faith of Jesus as the state 
religion, prepare the way for Rome to become not only the sovereign, but the 
priestess, of humanity ? viii. 276, 277. 



39 

What is the tradition as to the burial-place of St. Paul ? viii. 299, 300. 
How is the Appian Way associated with that apostle ? viii. 304. 

XIII. 
Where is the residence of the Popes at Rome? viii. 326. 
Who is the present occupant of thetThair of St. Peter? viii. 328. 
How does he rank among the great statesmen of the world ? viii. 328. 
What is said of his scholarship and his habits ? viii. 329, 330. 
Why do the popes never leave the Vatican enclosure ? viii. 330-333. 

XIV. 

Who was Savanarola? viii. 12-14, 24. 

Who said: "All religions must be tolerated, but none must make unjust 
encroachments on the others. In this country every man must get to heaven 
in his own way ? " Significance of these words at the time spoken? vi. S6. 

XV. 

For what reason could Philip II. at one time boast that not a heretic 
lived within his kingdom? v. 2S0. 

What was the character of Philip ? v. 281, 2S2. 
Describe his residence in the Escorial. v. 280. 

XVI. 

By whom was much of the early Christianity of England brought into 
that country ? Sup. ii. 29. 

What is the religious belief in regard to the Cross of Cong? Sup. 93, 94. 

Give a sketch of the life and character of St. Patrick. Sup. ii. 104. 

In what century did he live ? Sup. 102. 

By whom was he captured when a young man, and sent as a slave to 
Ireland? Sup. ii. 103. 

XVII. 

Importance of his work for Ireland ? Sup. 103, 104. 

What episode is recalled by the statue of St. Patrick on the Hill of 
Tara? Sup. ii. 138. 

Of what importance was Ireland to Christianity during the sixth, seventh, 
and eighth centuries? Sup. ii. 148-151. 

XVIII. 

St. Columba. What does the name signify ? Sup. ii. 152. What was 
Columba's rank by birth? Sup. ii. 151. 

How many monasteries and churches is he said to have established ? 
Sup. ii. 152. 

When did he leave Ireland, and for what purpose? Sup. ii. 152. 

Where did he establish himself, and how important did his " Holy Isle " 

become? Sup. ii. 153. 

XIX. 

Where is the village of St. Anne de Beaupre, and for what is it known 
throughout Catholic Christendom ? Sup. ii. 44, 45. What sacred relic is 
preserved in the stone church of that place ? Sup. ii' 42. 



40 

Significance of the numerous crutches, canes, etc., also found there ? 
Sup. ii. 45, 46. 

XX. 

How many thousand pilgrims visit this town every summer ? Sup. ii. 46. 

Recall the pilgrimages of the Hindus to the Temple of the Sacred 
Tooth, iv. 32-35. 

Also of the Buddhists to the Temples of Japan, and the Moslems to the 
tombs of the Sheiks in Egypt. Sup. ii. 47. 

Likewise the pilgrimages of " hero-worshippers " to the burial-places of 
Burns and Shakespeare. 



41 



Customs and Characteristics, 
i. 

Explain how Japanese customs differ from our own in the following 
particulars : method of ringing bells ; the use of the plane ; the use of keys ; 
mode of carrying babies ; attitude in token of respect ; etiquette on enter- 
ing a house, iii. 207-208. 

II. 

Also in the position of "foot-notes" in a book; direction of lines when 
writing; color worn for mourning ; place of best rooms in a house ; manner 
of mounting a horse and of putting him into the stall, iii. 208, 209. 

III. 
Describe a Japanese pillow, iii. 155. 
A bed. iii. 181. 

A lady's style of hair-dressing, iii. 155, 156. 
What is the Japanese obi ? iii. 157, 15S. 
Observe the styles of shoes, iii. 203, 204, 207. 
Note absence of chairs in a Japanese room. iii. 156, 157. 
Also the peculiar arrangement of the interior of a house, iii. 179, ISO. 

IV. 

What waitresses does Stoddard describe as "the daintiest, happiest, 
and most obliging specimens of humanity that walk the earth ? " iii. 183. 

What is a characteristic of the Japanese manner when announcing a 
calamnity ? iii. 170, 171. 

V. 

Contrast methods of travel and characteristics of the " biped-horses " 
in Japan and China, iii. 242, 252-254, 274-276, 280, 314. 

Why are wheel-barrows used in China as means of transportation ? 
iii. 252. 

How do the graves of ancestors in that country interfere with railroad 
building? iii. 256-258. 

VI. 

What is a peculiarity of the tonsorial art in China ? ii. 287, 2S8. 

Note the origin of the Chinese queue? iii. 287. 



42 

Why does a Chinaman sometime kill himself, instead of his enemy, 
when he wishes for revenge ? iii. 284. 

VII. 

How was the custom of opium-smoking introduced into China? iii. 
265-267. 

Note the practical custom of the Chinese in paying a physician only as 
long as his " patient " remains in good health, iii. 305. 

Why does a Chinaman paint an eye on the bow of his ship ? iii. 232. 

VIII. 

Give the lengths of a Chinese belle's finger nails, iii. 305, 306. 

What is meant by the " lily feet" of a Chinese lady ? iii. 306, 307. 

How is this stunted foot produced ? iii. 307. 

Describe the process of foot-binding, iii. 307,308. 

Antiquity of the custom ? iii. 308. 

What is the cause of so much infanticide in China ? iii. 308. 

IX. 

What does Stoddard say of Chinese industry ? iii. 299. 
What is a Chinaman's reputation for honesty in business dealings? iii- 
315. 

How do the Chinese regard our customs ? iii. 318. 

X. 

What people leave the bodies of their dead out on an iron-grating for 
vultures to devour ? iv. 55, 56. 

Describe the Hindu method of cremation, iv. 145. 

Where do railway authorities keep coffins at stations, ready for emergen- 
cies ? iv. 8. 

XI. 

What is meant by " caste ? " iv. 95, 96. 

Its origin? iv. 95. 

Its effect upon the people ? iv. 97-101. 

XII. 

To what extent are jewels worn by the women of India ? iv. 18-21. 

What kind of "entertainers" in India take the place of our organ- 
grinders ? iv. 22-26. 

By what peculiar device are the slender boats of Ceylon prevented from 
overturning ? iv. 12, 13. 

XIII. 

Recall peculiar remedies for toothache and headache used in Egypt, ii. 
260, 261. 

What seems to be the African's idea in regard to Satan's complexion ? 
ii. 261. 



43 

Of whom did the Greeks say that " they looked upon their earthly 
dwelling as a kind of inn, but upon the grave as their eternal home ? " ii. 
325. 

In what manner were the old Vikings buried ? i. SO. 

XIV. 

Mention a special reason why Constantinople has so many exquisite 
fountains, ii. 46, 47. 

What two beverages only do the Moslems offer for sale ? ii. 23. 

Read description of the Turkish bath. ii. 47. 

Describe the dance of the whirling dervishes, ii. 86, 87. 

How are graves of men distinguished from those of women in a Turk- 
ish cemetery ? ii. 68. 

XV. 

How many wives is a Turk allowed by law ? Why do so few Turks 
take advantage of that privilege ? ii. 79. 

State some facts of a legal nature that are not generally known concern- 
ing the Moslem woman, ii. 81, 82. 

Who bestows the dowry upon a Turkish bride ? ii. 82. 

What is the custom as to divorce ? ii. 82. 

XVI. 
Where is it the custom to drive goats through the streets, and milk them 
on the sidewalks at so much a pint ? viii. 138, 139 ; Sup. ii. 276. 
Importance of the story-teller in Naples ? viii. 153. 
Why the necessity of letter writers in that city ? viii. 154, 155. 

XVII. 
Describe the Viennese method of sprinkling streets, vi. 182. 
What are noticeable characteristics of the market woman of Vienna ? 
vi. 183. 

Explain the method of hiring cabs at the station in Berlin, vi. 9, 10. 

XVIII. 

In what city does a traveler frequently see the sign, " Fire and Water to 
sell ? " Explain the custom, vii. 184. 

How does Stoddard describe the appearance of the old fisherman near 
the Hague? vii. 212. 

Describe the position of woman in Holland, vii. 197, 198. 

Note the characteristic cleanliness of houses in Holland, vii. 199, 200. 

XIX. 

What is the object of the snake-dance, practised by the Moquis 
Indians? x. 148. 

How do the Cliff-Dwellers protect themselves from enemies at night, or 
at other times of danger ? x. 137, 13S. 

Compare this custom with that of the Swiss Lake-Dwellers, x. 137, 133. 



44 
XX. 

Where in America are graves rented only for five years ? What is the 
final destination of the remains of the dead ? vii. 259-261. 

Describe other curious customs pertaining to burial in Mexico, vii. 
293, 294, 257, 258. 

Explain the Mexican method of courtship, vii. 290, 292. 

In what part of America does a woman own the home and all its con- 
tents, and possess the right to evict her husband if he mistreats her ? x. 142. 



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